2025 年 98 巻 12 号 p. 288-295
This study re-examines the potential of natural rubber seeds—an underutilised by product of Hevea brasiliensis —as a feedstock for integrated biorefineries. After reviewing the biological and economic context of rubber cultivation in Southeast Asia, we analyse the morphology and chemical composition of the seeds. The oil-rich kernel contains 20–30% triacylglycerols with a C16–C18 fatty acid profile suitable for transesterification and hydroprocessing. The shell, comprising lignocellulosic material, was carbonised to produce biochar and biocoke, while the deoiled cake showed promise as a high-protein feed or fertiliser after detoxification. We report pilot-scale trials in Thailand that demonstrated efficient collection, drying and pressing using decentralised equipment, yielding rubber seed oil (RSO) with physicochemical properties comparable to other non-food oils. Life cycle and preliminary economic analyses suggest that valorising rubber seeds could diversify farmer income and reduce waste without competing with food crops. The findings highlight rubber seeds as a versatile resource for producing renewable fuels, biochemicals and soil amendments, paving the way for a circular bioeconomy in rubber-growing regions.
