Abstract
The Quaternary period represents the most recent stage in Earth’s geological evolution, characterized by unique sedimentary environments, tectonic activities, and climate changes that have profoundly influenced the generation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbon resources. This paper systematically reviews the key features of Quaternary geology, including the diversity of sedimentary environments, the driving forces of tectonic evolution, and the patterns of climate fluctuations. It emphasizes the role of Quaternary geology in hydrocarbon accumulation processes, focusing on the geological characteristics of reservoirs, cap rocks, and migration pathways. Additionally, it explores the indicative functions of Quaternary sedimentary geomorphology for deep hydrocarbon distribution and its implications for exploration and development technologies. The paper also highlights technological advancements in Quaternary geological research, such as high-resolution seismic detection, precise chronological analysis, and innovative applications of digital geological modeling. Finally, it outlines future research directions, advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration to advance the understanding of Quaternary geology and hydrocarbon resources while emphasizing the importance of sustainable resource development. This paper aims to uncover the scientific value of Quaternary geology in hydrocarbon formation and development, providing insights for both research and practical applications.
