The application of big data in smart agriculture has significantly enhanced the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production. Producers can obtain real-time information on soil quality, crop health, and weather conditions by collecting and analyzing large volumes of farming data, enabling more informed decision-making. This data-driven approach optimizes resource use, such as precision fertilization and irrigation, and effectively prevents and addresses agricultural pests and diseases, improving crop yield and quality. However, with the continuous advancement of big data technology, the agricultural sector faces a series of challenges, including data security and privacy protection, data quality and credibility, technical processing issues, and talent cultivation and technology dissemination. This paper will explore the current state of big data applications in smart agriculture, analyze these challenges in-depth, and propose corresponding solutions and future development directions.

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In the artificial intelligence (AI) era, AI technology is penetrating various academic disciplines at an unprecedented speed and depth, and geographic research is no exception. This paper aims to explore the applications, methods, challenges, and prospects of AI technology in geographic research. Firstly, the paper provides an overview of the specific applications of AI technology in remote sensing, spatial data analysis, and geographic information systems, highlighting its significant role in land cover change detection, urban planning, traffic flow prediction, and environmental monitoring. Secondly, in geographic research, the paper delves into the application methods of key technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, big data analysis, cloud computing, and edge computing. Subsequently, the paper discusses AI's technical challenges and ethical and social issues in geographic research. Finally, the paper envisions the future development trends of AI technology in geography, emphasizing the importance of integrating and innovatively applying new technologies. This paper hopes to provide valuable references for scholars and practitioners in the field of geography, promoting the extensive application and in-depth development of AI technology in geographic research.

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This paper discusses the evolution of China’s manufacturing industry and its underlying factors. China’s manufacturing sector has transitioned from low-cost competition to focusing on technological innovation and quality improvement. This shift is supported by rapid domestic market expansion, urbanization, middle-class growth, and increased consumer income levels. Additionally, efforts to address past environmental pollution issues and government ecological protection policies have strengthened environmental initiatives. Recently, China has been promoting investment in green industries and has been focusing on sectors such as electric vehicles and renewable energy.

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The analysis and optimization of shale oil production is a complex and multi-faceted process, involving the integrated application of various technologies. Initial production rate and decline curve analyses are used to evaluate the production potential and economic feasibility of oil wells. Utilizing big data and machine learning technologies, dynamic monitoring and analysis of production data identify anomalies and potential issues, thereby optimizing production parameters and enhancing efficiency. Techniques such as hydraulic fracturing, horizontal drilling, re-fracturing, and acidizing are crucial for increasing recovery rates and production volumes. Additionally, compound-enhanced oil recovery technologies like chemical-gas and thermal-chemical methods further improve well recovery rates and production capacities. This paper explores in depth the application and optimization of these technologies and methods, aiming to enhance the efficiency and economic benefits of shale oil extraction.

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Climate change has profoundly impacted agriculture, primarily by increasing the frequency of extreme weather events and altering the growing seasons and geographical distribution of crops. To effectively address this challenge, the agricultural sector must implement comprehensive measures. This article discusses strategies for addressing climate change: improving crop varieties, adjusting production methods, managing water resources, and protecting soil. By optimizing varieties, improving production methods, utilizing water resources efficiently, and enhancing soil management, the adaptability and resilience of agricultural production can be enhanced, thus ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture and the health of the ecological environment.

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Selecting the right conference is crucial for submitting a high-quality conference paper, and careful attention to different paper formats is necessary during the writing process. Conference papers reflect the forefront of disciplinary developments, showcase innovative results, and promote scholarly communication. This paper provides advice on choosing appropriate conferences based on their level, impact, and focus areas, and it highlights four common paper formats: standard papers, extended abstracts, system descriptions, and short papers, analyzing their structures and suitable scenarios. By offering comprehensive strategies for conference selection and essential writing tips, this paper aims to help scholars complete high-level conference papers, effectively showcase their research achievements, and contribute to advancing their fields.

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This paper discusses the development trends and key directions in the study of residual oil distribution in high-water-cut reservoirs in the future. With the continuous advancement of digital technology, technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analysis, and machine learning will play an increasingly important role in predicting residual oil in reservoirs and geological modeling. The application of intelligent oil recovery systems will make oil field production more intelligent and automated, improving oil recovery efficiency and reducing water content. Additionally, environmental protection and sustainable development have become important focal points of research. The development of environmentally friendly oil recovery technologies will reduce environmental impact and achieve the sustainability of oil field development. This paper aims to explore the development trends and key directions in the study of residual oil distribution in high-water-cut reservoirs in the future.

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This article aims to comprehensively introduce the basic concepts, research objects, and scope of soil geography, as well as its historical background in the field of geography. Firstly, a brief overview of the basic processes of soil formation and the characteristics of major soil types is provided, along with an outline of soil classification systems. Secondly, the interaction between soil and landform morphology, the role of soil in landform evolution, and the application of soil geography in landform research are discussed in depth. Next, the impact of soil on the environment, its role in ecosystems, and the application of soil geography in environmental protection are examined. Finally, an overview of research methods and technologies in soil geography, as well as future trends and challenges, is provided, along with suggestions and prospects for the development of soil geography. This article aims to offer readers a thorough understanding of soil geography through a comprehensive introduction and analysis, thereby fostering research and development in this field.

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The text focuses on the importance of the Paleolithic Era and prospects for future research. The Paleolithic Era is crucial in the evolution and cultural development of humanity, and understanding its lifestyle, technology, and social structures is essential. Future research will prioritize advanced technologies and interdisciplinary approaches. Moreover, it’s necessary to further elucidate the interactions with the Earth’s environment and the impacts of cultural exchanges. This will provide new insights into the evolution of humanity and cultural history, offering implications for contemporary societal challenges.

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The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on the entrepreneurial field is profound and multifaceted. Firstly, entrepreneurs utilize AI-powered products and services, such as smart robots and personalized recommendation systems, to enhance work efficiency and user experience, driving the market towards greater intelligence. Secondly, AI technology enables personalized big data analysis, transforming marketing and service approaches, and increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore, automation technology applied across industries enhances production and operational efficiency, reduces costs, and enhances a company’s competitive advantage. In addition, predictive analytics provided by AI technology enables entrepreneurs to better understand market trends and risks, allowing them to formulate targeted strategies. Lastly, emerging fields such as autonomous vehicles and medical diagnostics bring abundant business opportunities to entrepreneurs, driving technological advancements and industry innovation. These trends indicate that the widespread application of AI technology in the entrepreneurial field has become an undeniable trend, bringing significant opportunities and challenges to entrepreneurs.

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The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has sparked a revolution in the entrepreneurial field. Entrepreneurs actively employ AI-powered products and services, such as smart robots, automated customer service systems, and personalized recommendation systems, to enhance work efficiency and user experience. Data-driven decision-making has become mainstream, with entrepreneurs utilizing deep learning and data mining technologies for market forecasting and customer analysis. The widespread application of automation and machine learning technologies in business processes reduces costs and improves efficiency. Emerging markets such as speech recognition and computer vision have generated more business opportunities, enabling entrepreneurs to innovate their business models through AI technology. Meanwhile, the application of AI technology in risk management and security provides reliable support for entrepreneurs, ensuring the steady development of their businesses. These trends indicate that AI technology has profoundly impacted all aspects of the entrepreneurial field, bringing abundant opportunities and challenges to entrepreneurs.

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This article explores the importance of nitrogen fertilizer and management techniques for wheat growth. Firstly, it analyzes the promoting effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat growth, including promoting plant growth, influencing yield and quality, regulating nutrient balance, and controlling pests and diseases. Secondly, it discusses the influence of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat mineral content and balance, emphasizing the importance of proper nitrogen fertilizer management in maintaining mineral balance. Finally, it presents the technical points of nitrogen fertilizer management, including soil testing, fertilization planning, fertilization methods, nitrogen fertilizer type selection, supporting measures, and monitoring adjustments. Through scientific fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency can be improved, wheat growth and yield can be promoted, and negative environmental impacts can be reduced.

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This article explores the importance of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production and its impact on agricultural production and sustainable development. It first introduces the benefits of nitrogen fertilizer in promoting plant growth and increasing yields, while also pointing out the environmental challenges that excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer may bring. The article then analyzes the demand for nitrogen fertilizer in wheat and the usage patterns in different regions. It discusses the potential consequences of excessive nitrogen fertilizer use, emphasizing the importance of finding a balance in its application. Recommendations for reducing nitrogen fertilizer use are proposed, including precision fertilization and promoting agricultural sustainability. In the future outlook, the importance of improving nitrogen fertilizer management is emphasized, and the role of research, technological innovation, and international cooperation in addressing nitrogen fertilizer issues is highlighted. The article underscores that through scientifically sound nitrogen fertilizer management, a win-win situation can be achieved for wheat production and agricultural sustainability.

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In space development, humanity gains new insights into the origin, evolution, and astrophysics of the universe, deepening our understanding of space and our existence. Observations from space contribute to understanding Earth’s environment, and climate change, and aid in crafting environmental protection policies and resource management. Furthermore, space development fosters international cooperation, enhancing peace and security. The allure of advanced technology drives innovation, fostering growth in new industries and employment opportunities.

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The paper delves into the realm of historical geography, seeking to comprehend the past conditions of the Earth, encompassing geographical processes, environmental shifts, and human interaction with the environment. It investigates natural elements such as landforms and climate, alongside human aspects like historical distribution and cultural evolution. The field is progressing through numerical simulation, interdisciplinary integration, and GIS technology, augmenting precision and offering a holistic perspective. These advancements are anticipated to enrich our comprehension of Earth’s history and human societies, providing valuable insights for sustainable development.

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Paleogeography is a branch of geography that primarily focuses on the changes and evolution of geographical features, environments, human activities, and cultural landscapes on the Earth’s surface in the past. It examines the variations and impacts related to geographical patterns, climate changes, topography, ecosystems, and more during historical and geological periods. The objective is to reveal the historical processes, environmental changes, and the historical trajectory of interaction between humans and nature by studying past geographical information. This article provides an overview of the main themes in paleogeography research in recent years, aiming to offer readers a comprehensive understanding of studies in this field.

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This article explores the pivotal role of wheat in ecosystems, addressing its contributions to ecological balance, soil health, and biodiversity. It delves into the profound impacts of climate change on wheat-related ecosystems, detailing temperature changes, water stress, carbon dioxide concentrations, and more. Additionally, the article provides comprehensive strategies for biodiversity conservation in wheat cultivation, emphasizing the importance of diversity in farmland ecosystems, natural habitat preservation, and sustainable agricultural practices. The insights presented aim to foster a deeper understanding of wheat’s ecological significance and contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural approaches in the face of climate change.

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Ecological agriculture is a comprehensive farming system dedicated to environmental conservation, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and promoting sustainability in agriculture. Its core features include avoiding chemical pesticides, widespread use of organic fertilizers, maintenance of biodiversity, crop rotation, and fallow periods. These practices collectively enhance agricultural products' yield and quality while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Adhering to the no-chemical pesticide principle reduces pollution in soils, water sources, and the air. Applying organic fertilizers and protecting biodiversity contribute to improved soil structure and decreased reliance on chemical fertilizers. Crop rotation and fallow practices reduce soil erosion, providing a sustainable approach to soil management. Water resource management focuses on efficient utilization, maintaining water quality, and fostering the sustainable development of agricultural systems.

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Since its inception, the Geographical Research Bulletin has been devoted to serving as a pivotal platform for disseminating the latest research findings in the field of geography. In the upcoming 2024 volume, we continue to adhere to our proactive editorial policy, striving to elevate the academic standards of the journal and present readers with more captivating content from the realm of geographical studies. Geography, as an ancient yet continually evolving discipline, has borne witness to the progression of human understanding of nature, utilization of natural resources, and transformation of the environment. Over the past few years, the Geographical Research Bulletin has not only chronicled the developmental trajectory of geography but has also spotlighted the innovative facets of geographical research in terms of content, methods, breadth, and depth. The expansion of geography encompasses a wide spectrum, spanning from the macro to micro, from the Earth’s surface to its depths, and extending further into Earth’s spatial dimensions, revealing diverse and globalized characteristics. Amidst the changes of our times, geography faces heightened societal demands necessitating in-depth exploration through modern scientific technologies. The Geographical Research Bulletin actively responds to this demand by adopting a rapid publication policy to expedite the dissemination of research articles, ensuring that scholarly achievements promptly reach the academic community. We are committed to continuing to serve as a platform where natural sciences and social sciences intersect, reflecting the interplay between various disciplines within geography and conducting in-depth research with diverse perspectives and methodologies. Furthermore, in the upcoming volume, the Geographical Research Bulletin will persist in publishing articles that possess both academic depth and popular science appeal. We aim to convey the latest scientific information to readers, providing them with a comprehensive understanding of geographical science and related fields. By combining scholarly and popular science articles, we seek to facilitate information exchange, knowledge complementarity, and the advancement of scientific and technological innovation. In the new year, the Geographical Research Bulletin welcomes submissions from contributors worldwide, anticipating that through the collective efforts of the academic community, we can further propel the continuous development of geographical research. We extend our best wishes to all authors and readers, hoping for a more fruitful year in 2024 and collectively witnessing the progress and development of geography.

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