抄録
Ecosystems and biodiversity form the core foundation of Earth’s life support system and are vital for sustaining human development and ensuring ecological security. With the intensification of global environmental change, understanding the dynamic responses and adaptive mechanisms of ecosystems to climate warming, extreme weather events, and anthropogenic disturbances has become a central focus of modern ecological research. This paper systematically reviews and critically analyzes five cutting-edge research topics in the field of ecosystems and biodiversity: (1) the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulatory mechanisms of ecosystem structure and function under global change scenarios; (2) the multidimensional mechanisms and scale dependence of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships; (3) theoretical frameworks and practical advances in ecosystem service assessment and natural capital quantification; (4) the pivotal role of microbial diversity in maintaining ecosystem material-energy cycling and stability; and (5) the scientific basis and application potential of Nature-based Solutions in ecological conservation, restoration, and climate change mitigation. Furthermore, this paper identifies key theoretical bottlenecks and methodological challenges in current research and, from a multidisciplinary perspective, outlines future directions and integrated approaches to foster innovation. The goal is to provide scientific support for adaptive ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation policy-making.
