抄録
As a vital subdiscipline of geography, geomorphology investigates the formation, evolution, and spatial organization of Earth’s surface features, along with their intricate interactions with environmental systems such as climate, hydrology, and ecology. This study offers a systematic review of the historical trajectory and disciplinary framework of geomorphology, delineating its core domains—including landform classification, formation mechanisms, geomorphic process modeling, and terrain–environment coupling analysis. Special emphasis is placed on recent methodological advancements, particularly the integration of traditional geomorphic theories with cutting-edge digital technologies such as digital elevation modeling, big data analytics, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence. The paper further identifies emerging research frontiers, including the geomorphic impacts of extreme climate events, anthropogenic modifications to landform processes, developments in planetary geomorphology, and geomorphic responses to global environmental change. In addition, the practical applications of geomorphological research are highlighted in areas such as disaster risk reduction, resource and environmental management, and ecological restoration. Finally, based on current knowledge gaps and evolving scientific demands, the paper outlines prospective pathways for interdisciplinary integration and comprehensive investigations to promote both theoretical innovation and practical advancement in the field.
