抄録
Long-term fertilization significantly affects the forms, distribution, availability, and environmental effects of soil phosphorus in farmland, exerting profound impacts on agricultural production and ecological environments. This paper systematically reviews the major forms and biogeochemical behaviors of soil phosphorus, with a focus on the regulatory mechanisms of different fertilization practices (chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and their combinations) on soil phosphorus content, transformation, and bioavailability. Based on studies on crop uptake and yields, the paper elucidates the patterns of how long-term fertilization influences soil phosphorus supply capacity. It also thoroughly evaluates the accumulation and migration characteristics of phosphorus in soil profiles and their potential environmental risks, particularly the association between phosphorus loss and water eutrophication. Furthermore, the paper discusses the significance of optimizing fertilization structures and phosphorus management strategies in achieving sustainable agricultural development and proposes technical approaches and policy recommendations to mitigate phosphorus-related environmental issues. By summarizing the research progress on soil phosphorus under long-term fertilization, this paper aims to provide valuable insights for improving phosphorus use efficiency, ensuring food security, and reducing environmental pollution.
