抄録
Resource geography is undergoing a fundamental transformation as resource systems become increasingly shaped by climate change, low-carbon transitions, cross-regional flows, and geopolitical restructuring. This review addresses a central scientific question: how can resource geography explain the spatially heterogeneous, networked, and adaptive evolution of resource systems under increasingly coupled human–environment interactions? By critically synthesizing advances in disciplinary theory, major research domains, methodological development, and emerging frontiers, the review identifies a progressive shift from a conventional “stock–space” perspective centered on resource endowments, territorial assessment, and supply–demand matching toward a “flow–space” perspective emphasizing cross-regional flows, telecoupling, network interdependence, and social–ecological feedbacks. Correspondingly, resource research is expanding from individual resource assessment toward integrated analysis of resource transitions, water–energy–food interactions, critical-mineral supply chains, systemic vulnerability, and resource equity. Methodologically, the convergence of multisource Earth observation, human-sensing data, artificial intelligence, process-based modeling, and complex-systems simulation is reshaping resource research from predominantly descriptive assessment toward dynamic, process-informed, and behaviorally explicit analysis, while highlighting persistent challenges in scale consistency, uncertainty, interpretability, and cross-regional transferability. Building on these developments, this review proposes an integrated conceptual framework linking “flow space–social–ecological systems–intelligent simulation–collaborative governance,” in which resource flows connect heterogeneous places, biophysical and social processes generate system dynamics, computational methods support multiscale inference, and institutions mediate adaptive and equitable governance. This framework reframes resource geography as a systems-oriented science of spatially connected and socially mediated resource dynamics, providing a coherent theoretical basis for understanding resource security, resilience, low-carbon transitions, and equitable governance under global change.
