Abstract
The Folding-Screen Picture of the Hizen Nagoya j o (Castle of Hizen Nagoya) indicates a spectacular scene of Nagoya in 1593 (2th year of Bunroku _??_). The following phenomena are to be understood from this folding-screen picture and other related data.
(1) Inside one gate, there was a group of several staff retainers' (samurai) houses. This group was a feudal mass (shû _??_) whose chief (yorioya _??_) assumed leadership. The present writer calls this feudal group (shûteki-kaoku _??_) or residence group. Shutekikaoku groups constituted a retainers' town called samurai-machi _??_ located near the castle. A shuteki-kaoku group was originally a characteristic phenomenon of the Sengoku castle town, but the appearance of samurai-machi was an element of the feudal castle towns.
(2) Jin'ya _??_ of Nagoya was made by the feudal lords (daimyô _??_). Jin'ya functioned as the base for the corps, and a residential house group as well. Important structures in jin'ya was the daimyo's residence and many dignitary retainers' houses lay near in a group. Since the formative principle of this kind of group is based upon the master-servant relation, the present writer calls it a zokudanteki _??_ rikj residence group. These feudal groups existed as small military towns forming units of corps as well. This was also one of the characteristic phenomena in the sengoku castle towns. On the whole, jin'ya of Nagoya held both residential and military roles because of the prolonged war when TOYOTOMI Hideyoshi sent force to Korea (1592-1598).
(3) The center of the town located in front of the Nagoya Castle. Such street names as Hyôgoya _??_ and Akaneya are some remains of this center. Many streets were built on account of the military demand during the war of Korea. In other words, Nagoya was a town formed for the purpose of the military, economic production and the military economic circulation.
Owing to the character of a military town, the townscape of Nagoya was artless and the town planning was very imperfect. Moreover, frequent appearances of the streets with the same 'business people depended largely upon the fast developing military town.
We can recognize a few survival phenomena of a castle town and incipient phenomena of a feudal castle town in Nagoya. Bunroku _??_ period was the transitional one between Middle Ages and Feudal Ages. In Nagoya, both phenomena was standing side by side, but not harmonized as one town. Nagoya in Hizen showed a good example of those relations.
Hizen Nagoya was the greatest military base from 1592 to 1598. The military factors were so dominant that other factors were subordinated. In the strict sense, Nagoya in Hizen was not a castle town, but a great military base town with a castle.
