This study investigates local perceptions of geothermal power development in Teshikaga Town, Hokkaido, Japan—a region facing economic decline and population decrease. In response to these challenges, the utilization of renewable energy, particularly geothermal energy, has emerged as a promising strategy for regional revitalization. To explore how residentsʼ familiarity and prior experiences influence their acceptance of geothermal initiatives, a survey was conducted among local residents. The findings reveal that the majority of respondents hold generally positive impressions of renewable energy and geothermal power, with little apparent opposition to the proposed development in the region. This challenges prior stakeholder-focused studies, which often overlooked the views of the broader public or the so-called “silent majority.” Several key factors were identified in explaining the formation of these favorable attitudes. First, frequent use of local hot spring facilities had a positive correlation with supportive views toward geothermal development, suggesting that familiarity with geothermal resources contributes to acceptance. Second, a broader predisposition toward renewable energy also shaped supportive attitudes, as evidenced by covariance structure analysis using AMOS 29, which indicated a relationship between positive attitudes and media exposure. Nevertheless, the study also identified potentially negative influences. Responses related to school education implied that certain educational content or pedagogical approaches may unintentionally foster skepticism toward renewable energy. In addition, residents expressed high expectations for tangible benefits from geothermal development—not only in terms of individual economic gain, but also in revitalizing local industries such as tourism and hot spring-based businesses. The demand for more transparent and frequent information dissemination was also evident. Concerns were raised about potential negative environmental impacts, particularly regarding the quantity and quality of hot spring water in the Kawayu Onsen area. These concerns highlight the importance of rigorous environmental assessments and the implementation of appropriate mitigation strategies. Currently, revitalization projects such as trail development, public cleaning, and new guesthouse openings are underway in the Kawayu area as part of a broader national park initiative. Geothermal development in the nearby Atosanupuri area must proceed with careful consideration of resident attitudes and with a strong commitment to community benefit. While this study centers on Teshikaga, future research should conduct comparative analyses with other geothermally active regions to further validate and contextualize the findings.
