年少児の投・跳動作における運動能力の発達と運動遊び習慣との関連

抄録

  This study clarifies the relationship between the development of motor abilities and exercise play habits in the throwing and jumping motions of three-year-old children, focusing on motor abilities of the energy system and coordination abilities of the nervous system, particularly orientation and differentiation abilities. We conducted motor ability tests with 113 children; their parents completed a questionnaire survey on exercise play habits. Based on the motor ability test results, we classified participants into four motor ability groups (Groups A to D), and conducted multiple response analysis on the groups and their exercise play habits. We then conducted hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward’s method).

1) Groups A and C had high motor abilities of the energy system.

・Groups A and C were associated with exercise playtime, suggesting daily exercise play habits contribute to the motor ability of the energy system, even if the playtime is less than 60 minutes per day.

・Groups A and C were associated with frequency of exercise play with their parents, suggesting daily exercise habits with parents have a positive effect on the motor ability of the energy system.

2) Group B had high orientation and differentiation abilities of the nervous system and low motor abilities of the energy system.

・Group B was associated with place of play and frequency of ball playing, suggesting that playing outdoors and with a ball influence the orientation and differentiation abilities of the nervous system.

・Group B was associated with exercise habits up to the age of three, suggesting exercise habits and exercise experiences up to age three influence the orientation and differentiation abilities of the nervous system.

3) Group D had low orientation and differentiation abilities of the nervous system and low motor abilities of the energy system

・Group D was associated with negative levels in all six items related to exercise play habits, suggesting that less exercise experience and exercise play habits are associated with lower orientation and differentiation abilities of the nervous system and motor abilities of the energy system.

The results indicate that the routine time and frequency of exercise play benefit motor abilities of the energy system, and playing outdoors, playing with a ball, and engaging in exercise play habits before age three benefit the orientation and differentiation abilities of the nervous system. Among exercise play habits, different factors contribute to motor abilities of the energy system and to the orientation and differentiation abilities of the nervous system.