労働災害防止に向けた高リスク者の判別方法

―認知機能とその自己評価の乖離分析―

抄録

This study presents a metacognitive approach for identifying workers who may be at higher risk of occupational accidents due to human error. We developed a cognitive evaluation map that objectively compares cognitive performance with workers’ self-assessed executive function and examines whether this discrepancy can reveal individuals likely to overlook situational changes. Participants were divided into four groups based on their cognitive test scores and self-ratings. Those with low cognitive ability but high self-assessment, the overconfident group, performed significantly worse on change blindness tasks, showing a stronger tendency to miss environmental changes than the other groups. Statistical analyses confirmed that a mismatch between actual ability and self-evaluation, particularly when paired with overconfidence, increases the likelihood of oversight. These results suggest that workplace safety assessments could be strengthened by focusing on general metacognitive patterns rather than job-specific skills. The proposed method offers a practical tool for spotting workers prone to errors and supports prevention efforts through targeted feedback, education, and placement.