Jōgon浄厳 (1639–1702) was a monk of the Shingon sect and a stern precept-master in the Edo period. In 1691 he founded the head temple named Reiunji 霊雲寺 in Yushima of Edo to centralize all temples of the Shingon sect in the Kantō district with the support of the Tokugawa shogunate. He asserted that Reiunji was a head temple of the Nyohō Shingonritsu 如法真言律 sect adhering rigidly to the teachings and precepts that the Buddha preached. In 1694 he proffered to the Tokugawa shogunate the Shingon ritsuben 真言律弁as a statement on the precepts of the Shingon sect. In particular, in this description: he defined “Shingonritsu” as a legitimate Shingon sect following Buddhist precepts strictly. Furthermore, he denied the Ritsu sect as a Buddhist sect. Every Buddhist sect has three aspects of practice: precepts (戒学), meditation (定学), and wisdom (慧学). Therefore, he argued that the Ritsu sect should not be approved as a Buddhist sect, because it handled just the practice of precepts, and was lacking in the other two.
