In previous studies, there is a tendency that thullaccaya has been thought as an attempted crime of pārājika and saṃghādisesa. However, when examining relevant examples in the Vinayapiṭaka, the thullaccaya should not be understood as an attempted crime with emphasis placed on whether the result is fulfilled or not. It seems to be more appropriate to understand it as a crime that can be applied widely when problems arise in any of the various conditions that constitute a criminal act, that is, objects, distinction on the objects, intention, or any defects in the result.
