仏教文法家チャンドラゴーミンのapādāna論

抄録

The relationship between Pāṇinian grammar and Cāndra grammar, and especially the influence of the latter on the former, has long been disputed. One particular issue meriting examination is the relationship between Candragomin （ca. fifth century） and Bhartṛhari （ca. fifth-sixth century）. Since Bhartṛhari calls Candragomin a master （Candrācārya）, it is assumed that Candragomin exerted some influence on Bhartṛhari. This study examines their understanding of apādāna, “starting point,” one of the six kārakas, on the basis of new materials currently being prepared for publication, namely, the Cāndrapañjikā and the Śabdārthacintā, both composed by Ratnamati/Ratnaśrījñāna （tenth century）.

For apādāna Candragomin prescribes only one rule, C 2.1.81, which covers all of Pāṇini’s apādāna rules, A 1.4.25 and others. In Cāndra grammar, Pāṇini’s various rules are regarded as elaborations （prapañca） of one general rule （sāmānya）, A 1.4.24. Such detailed statements of the general rule may be useful for beginners from a pedagogical point of view, but are not essential to Candragomin’s grammatical system, which aims at concision. Candragomin’s innovation appears to be indebted to a view presented in Patañjali’s Mahābhāṣya （ca. second century BC）. Bhartṛhari also presents a parallel interpretation that seems to have received little attention in the later Pāṇinian tradition.