This paper proposes a new simulation model of lead-acid battery characteristics and a modeling method using step changing current. Battery simulation model is necessary to simulate the photovoltaic systems with batteries. The proposed model considers the nonlinearity of internal resistance and includes 36 constants that can be determined by only 4 cycles of charge/discharge test. This paper clearly reports the measuring method and the modeling procedure of the battery characteristics. The result of verification test using charge/discharge pattern that assumes the photovoltaic system shows 1.0% of mean absolute error ratio of simulated power at 17deg C and 32deg C of battery temperature.
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