Abstract
In arc welding, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is suitable when good quality and a good surface are required. However, the weld shape is shallow and wide. Furthermore, GTAW welding is slow and inefficient. A deep weld shape is necessary to increase the welding speed. The heat input from the arc and convection flow of the weld pool in formation of weld pool are important. The convection flow varies along with the driving force. Past research has indicated some relation between the driving force and arc characteristics. In this study, the driving force in the weld pool changes with the current density. Flow velocity is simulated, and this relativity is elucidated. The Lorentz force, drag force, and Marangoni effect are focused in driving forces. Consequently, the Lorentz force of the axial direction decreases in direct relation to the -0.60th power of current density near the cathode in the maximum force. This force in the center of the axial direction decreases in relation to the -0.62th power of the current density. In addition, the drag force increases in relation to the 1.70th power of the maximum flow velocity, and the Marangoni effect decreases in direct relation to the -0.20th power of the maximum flow velocity in the maximum force. The driving force is apparently dependent on the arc current density and flow velocity.
