Large-scale introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) puts an electric load to the power system. Recently, the capacities of on-board batteries and the outputs of quick chargers have been increasing. Increase in the battery capacity allows EV owners to charge more freely; however, charging may concentrate at a certain time such as on Friday afternoon, which is before the weekend, because EVs travel relatively long distance on weekends. Therefore, we evaluate an impact on the peak load in area mesh unit, assuming high power of quick chargers and the change in charging behavior. Charging threshold is defined as follows: when a state of charge (SOC) of an EV falls below the charging threshold, the EV goes to a quick charging station to charge. We set up cases that the charging thresholds are raised on Friday afternoon to prepare for EV use on a weekend.
Through the analysis targeting Aichi Prefecture, we obtained following findings. (1) As for the impact of the high power of quick chargers, the charging demand of a large number of EVs in the power system level is smoothed, but the same leveling effect is not expected when viewed locally, such as power distribution area level. Therefore, there is a possibility of overload of the power distribution facilities. (2) As for the impact of the change in charging behavior, even if the area mesh size is expanded, the smoothing effect of the charging demand cannot be expected. Therefore, it is especially necessary to take measures to avoid peak load at the power system level.
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