Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a lighting atmosphere created by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on consumers' emotional states of pleasure, arousal and dominance, as well as on their spatial impressions of a restaurant. The results demonstrate that in a restaurant, LED 2700 K has a greater tendency to emphasize pleasurable aspects of the atmosphere than LED 5600 K. The results also indicated that 5600 K causes greater arousal than 2700 K. A warm color temperature increases participants' sensation of privacy. Moreover, participants' sensations of pleasure, arousal, dominance, and spaciousness increase with increasing illuminance. Conversely, a decrease of illuminance leads to an increased sense of privacy. The interaction between color temperature and illuminance shows that the combination of 2700 K and 500 Lux conveys the greatest sense of pleasure, while a medium illuminance of 2700 K and 300 Lux conveys the greatest sense of clarity.
