Unilateral Late Breast Seroma After Breast Augmentation Surgery Associated with the Use of an Electrical Muscle Stimulation Device

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We encountered a case of unilateral breast late seroma suspected to be breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) after a bilateral breast augmentation surgery. A 48-year-old woman had undergone breast augmentation surgery using a breast implant approximately 20 years ago. She had used an electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) exercise device on the right side of her breast for pectoral muscle exercise. One week later, she noticed swelling in the right breast, with no obvious redness or mass formation. She underwent punctures of the right breast several times, and up to 1,000 mL of serous fluid was aspirated. Ultrasonography revealed a large amount of fluid collected around the right breast implant. There were no findings of a mass or breast implant rupture. Considering the possibility of infection and malignancy, the aspirated fluid specimens were sent for culture, cytology, histology, and flow cytometry testing. There was no evidence of infection or malignant change, and the swelling of the right breast improved spontaneously without any specific treatment. Her medical history suggested that the patient had developed a traumatic late seroma caused by excessive electrical stimulation.