Review of the Surface State Theory and Discussion on Contact Electric Field between Toner and Carrier

Abstract

We have reviewed well known prior studies which described the relationship of specific toner charge Q/m and toner/ carrier mass ratio T/C of two-component developer based on the Surface State Theory(SST). New considerations were introduced on those theories through handling parameters and assumptions of the SST. The following results were obtained.
The equation proposed by Lee provides effective explanations for the relation of Q/m-T/C from the low density limit to the high density limit. From the relationship between T/C and the electric field of toner and carrier, it explains that the surface state density of toner and carrier should be in proportion to each dielectric constant of toner and carrier respectively.
We have also proposed that dielectric strength of materials might define the strength of electric field in the contact electric field theory proposed by Kondo.