江戸期から現代までの日本社会における登山の動機

高尾山・筑波山を事例とし、観光の観点から

抄録

Mountaineering based on mountain worship has long been practiced in Japan. For example, in 1751 through 1763, approximately 200,000 people visited Mount Oyama every year with both religious and recreational purposes. Mountaineering in the Edo period was conducted through the continuous involvement religious groups called 'Ko'. Small shrines (Yashiro) are placed at the summits of some mountains in Japan. In addition, some mountains have temples and shrines at their foot. Mountains are not just a place to enjoy the scenery. After the Meiji Restoration, the Wonder Vogel culture was introduced to Japan from Germany. It was active in Europe before World War II, but in Japan it spread after the War. This is one of the reasons why many university students from the 1960s to the 1980s were mountaineering enthusiasts. Mountaineering in Edo period and mountaineering in the Wonder Vogel culture after the World War II were ideologically different. In Japan, however, they have been consumed as the same purpose.From this perspective, this paper examines mountaineering tourism, using the case studies of climbing Mt Takao and Mt Tsukuba as examples.