The operation of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) is characterized by public recruitment and voluntary participation of its members who engage in the interaction with local people in the overseas field. One of the long-standing problems for JOCV is the comprehension gap between the contents specified in the request form sent from JOCV local offices and the actual work condition the JOCV members encounter after assignment. Although working in an organization inevitably brings about for an individual role conflict and role ambiguity, JOCV members tend to undergo serious contradictionsbetween two different expectations: one as a member of JOCV and the other as a member of assigned organization in foreign countries. Focusing on the process of role perception under the role theory framework, this study tried to identify the factors related to the experience of role ambiguity and role conflict stand in the way of effective technology transfer.