Function of Silver in the Mixed ITE Activators for Lead-acid Batteries

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The behaviors of Ag⁺ and activator were studied on Pb anode for lead-acid batteries. The deposition of Ag and dissolution of Ag⁺ take place at lower potential than redox couple of Pb/PbSO₄. This process may be considered to activate the reaction in the redox couple of Pb/PbSO₄. The activator molecules are less adsorbable on bear Pb, and adsorbed easily on PbSO₄ formed on Pb. The complex ions of Ag⁺ and activator molecule are adsorbable on bear Pb, and PbSO₄ is initially formed on the adsorbed layer of complex ions.