内・外階制の二・三の問題―律令官人の階層構成分析の一視角―

抄録

An ordinance on the 28th of March in 728 established some differences in the course of the promotion to the aristocratic officials. This establishment continued long after, though the standard of making the differences was somewhat changed in 745 or 746.
The differences were made by such standard as lofty lineage and learned talent for leading the political ideas. But it is notable that the differences were provided to be decided not only by this standard but also by the emperor's special awarding right.
The course of the promotion was decided by the status of an official's own clan or family but there was no well-regulated book to distinguish between the courses. We may consider an official took respectively one course according to the standard of distinction and the precedents. But, in the 9th century, we can sometimes find clans or families that advanced to the higher ranks with the violent logic on the basis of the rise of their social status.
Next, the standard of the course of the female promotion was similar to that of a male official from the 8th to the early 9th century. But it is evident that the standard was connected with the emperor's special awarding right because of the females' private connections with the emperors and princes, their marital relations with the leading higher nobility and their conditions based on the female peculiarity.