中国自動車産業におけるクラスター競争力分析

抄録

China enjoys its huge automobile market. The automobile sales broke 19.3 million in 2012. However, its clustering ability, as well as its actual state of clustering competitive power is still unclear. This study attempts to figure out the state of China’s automobile industrial clusters, which has been neglected in preceding studies. 　To appraise automobile industrial competitive power, we formulate a set of index system, which is composed of production scale, funds power, management capacity, profitability and growth potential, separately. First, according to this index system, using principal component analysis （PCA）, we investigate the clustering competitive power of 21 provinces in China. The top six are Jilin, Hubei, Shandong and Guangdong province, as well as 2 municipalities, namely Shanghai and Beijing. Then, in order to diagnose whether the automobile industrial cluster has been appeared, we use location quotient （LQ） to calculate market concentration rate. The result is as follows: taking the above provinces and municipalities as center, China’s automobile industrial cluster can be divided into Shanghai cluster（ including Zhejiang province）, Hubei provincial cluster（ including Anhui province）, Beijing cluster, Jilin provincial cluster, Guangdong provincial cluster and Chongqing cluster. At last, using PCA again, we obtain the actual state of clustering competitive power based on these six provinces and municipalities. The Shanghai cluster, which possesses the strongest comprehensive economic competitiveness, is the fastest developing cluster in China. The Guangdong provincial cluster reaches better profit. In addition, regarding management, the Beijing cluster displays excellent potential.