Abstract
Based on evidence that a particular behavioral history can modify neural connectivity in subjects, I propose a comparative approach for studying a possible course of human cognitive evolution in nonhuman species. This is exemplified by our research on “sensory tool use” in Japanese monkeys. Monkeys were trained to use a sensory tool that was used to obtain sensory information, with the aim of inducing human-specific tool use. Training started with a use of a motor-tool for substituting for motor effectors. By means of systematic shaping techniques, monkeys successfully acquired complete use of the sensory tool (a kind of endoscope attached to a rake) to explore the entire table to find food. This induction of sensory tool use in a monkey species offers a novel comparative framework to the study of the evolution of advanced cognitive abilities in humans through a recursive interaction between individual and environment.
