国際協力における環境社会配慮の運用と課題

―国際協力機構(JICA)の活動を中心に―

抄録

Japan is one of largest countries of the world that implements official development assistance (ODA). Large-scale plans and projects may have certain adverse effects on local residents. In order to prevent such impact, multilateral agencies including the World Bank improved their own guidelines for environmental and social consideration. The Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) also revised their guidelines in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Having merged with a part of JBIC in October 2008, the New JICA will be a comprehensive aid agency to implement the three aid schemes of technical cooperation, ODA loans, and grant aid. It is expected that the New JICA will appropriately consider environmental and social aspects for each project as a large-scale bilateral agency. After reviewing the safeguard policies of some multilateral agencies and the revised guidelines of JBIC, this paper describes the consultation process for revising the current guidelines of JICA as well as specific procedures for each project based on the activities of the advisory committee. In addition, several issues on environmental and social consideration with regard to Japanese international cooperation agencies are discussed.