Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the rolling over behavior of beetles in relation to several objects. The insect
was placed on the floor in a supine position and an object was set beside it. 14 objects were used in this study; the
trench of the floor, a towel, a fan, a pan mat, a piece of newspaper, a toothpick, a thin or thick ribbon, a plastic string, a
sheet of tissue paper, a T-shirt, a perilla leaf, a sheet of scratch paper, a chopstick and the lid of a film case (see Fig.1 to
17). The insect was able to roll over taking advantages of several environmental properties; an edge, the texture or
the hole of the ground, the weight of an object which affords centrifugal force to insect's swinging motion and the gap
between solid objects and the ground. Altogether, we found the emergence of three kinds of environment-action
system: (1) a single limb - the ground system (see Fig.18a), (2) a soft object - multiple limbs-the round back - the
ground system (Fig.18b) and (3) a hard object - multiple limbs-the round back - the ground system (Fig. 18c).
