仮設住宅におけるコミュニティ形成を再考する

東日本大震災「あすと長町仮設住宅」における生活課題とネットワークの展開

抄録

In regional and community studies, there have been many researches about communities in temporary housing since the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Sociologists, focusing on the period when disaster victims moved into prefab temporary housing, discussed the organization of tenants’ associations and support networks of volunteers. In contrast, they paid little attention to the development of these associations and networks. As the evacuation period is prolonged, victims not only live in temporary housing but also come to settle in the very area where it is located. This point seems to be lacking in existing sociological studies. In the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, more than 52,000 prefab temporary housing units were built in three disaster-stricken Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefecture. The government of the day tried to move each disaster-hit community into each temporary housing complex in order to avoid harming pre-disaster neighborhood relationships. However, owing to the widespread evacuation, those who have different local backgrounds and various disaster situations separately moved into the same temporary housing especially in urban areas they flowed into. Moreover, such an organization policy from the government might have influence on their autonomous activities. Based on the above, this paper takes up a temporary housing complex “Asuto Nagamachi Kasetsu Jutaku” in Sendai-City, which many victims separately moved into. In this complex, people met with some neighbor problems in the beginning, but worked out health support activities and made a proposal of disaster public housing with aid from nonprofit organizations and professional volunteers. This study focuses on the transformation of their life problems and support networks by four time periods: moving into temporary housing, making relationships between victims, doing autonomous activities, and moving from temporary housing.