すまい再建後の被災者の復興感と背景要因

──岩手県大槌󠄀町における災害公営住宅入居者への質問紙調査の結果を中心に──

抄録

　Some previous disaster studies in the field of sociology suggest that it is not sufficient for victims to recover only by rebuilding their houses. Then, what other factors are important for their recovery? This paper aims to address two questions based on the results of a questionnaire survey of the disaster public housing residents in Otsuchi Town, which we have been conducting since 2016: 1) whether many of the victims feel they have made a recovery, and 2) why.

　We made four observations during our research: 1. Victims’ sense of their own recovery was low in 2019, as more than 50% of the respondents considered their recovery level as only half or less than the acceptable level for them. 2. Important factors that may affect victims’ sense of their own recovery were found to be stability of budget, degree of health and well-being, and degree of social inclusion. 3. The respondents raised the following issues related to their lives, which need to be resolved—“it’s too hot or cold,” “undesired noise,” “inconvenient transportation system,” and “weak human relationships in the housing complex or local neighborhood.” 4. It seems there are gaps in perception between the public recovery policies, the victims’ lifestyle, and their cognition of the recovery process.

　In conclusion, this paper suggests the following to reduce the abovementioned gap: 1. Policymakers need to consider the climate of the affected areas to build better disaster public housing. 2. Policymakers must promote not only tangible recovery (e.g., rebuilding houses and infrastructure) but also intangible recovery (e.g., reconstructing the transportation system to enhance residents’ health and well-being). 3. When supporters and local community leaders coordinate and promote interactions among neighbors to build new communities, they must bear in mind that diverse people from diverse regions live in disaster public housing, and not everyone likes interacting with people (in fact, problems emerge among residents when they are forced to become close to each other). The right people are needed in the right posts for the success of such interactions.