原子力災害後の生活再建と二拠点生活

──近距離避難地域に着目して──

抄録

　This study is a case analysis of the reconstruction of the lives of evacuees from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and their relationship with the areas from which they evacuated. Based on the author’s ten-year research and study in Iwaki City, it examines the current status and issues in the reconstruction of lives and community revitalization after the disaster. Evacuees have different living experiences depending on the evacuation distance and the evacuation destination area. To clarify such differences, this paper discusses how to relate to the evacuated areas and the evacuation destination areas in the four ideological typologies based on the evacuation destination and return status. Iwaki City is an area that has hosted a large number of evacuees since the disaster occurred, and many evacuees are rebuilding their lives while traveling back and forth from their hometowns because they are located near the evacuated areas. The findings revealed that even among evacuees who have not returned to their hometowns, some maintain their base in evacuation areas and continue to regularly visit their hometowns, while others retain their ties to their home community by returning to their hometowns on special occasions or through community activities. From the above analysis, it is clear that many of the victims of the disaster are rebuilding their lives while maintaining relationships with multiple communities, widening their living areas and seeking opportunities to participate in their identity as townspeople and the reconstruction of their hometowns, regardless of the area in which they rebuilt their homes. The findings indicate that it is important to promote reconstruction and community building from a long-term perspective while viewing the “community” as a unit of damage, reconstruction and humanitarian support from a broad and multilayered perspective, and preparing various ways for evacuees to be involved with their homeland.