都市住環境の再生における市民事業と社会的銀行の役割

──ドイツ・ライプツィヒ市のハウスプロジェクトとGLS銀行の取り組みより──

抄録

　This study analyzes how civil projects operating within civil enterprises influence urban space restructuring and their impact on regional revitalization. Furthermore, the study discusses the social significance of autonomous financing which is indispensable for the operation of these projects. The analysis focuses on a Hausprojekt developed as a civil project in Leipzig, Germany, and the role of GLS Bank, which actively finances this kind of project.

　The Hausprojekt is a civil project in which residents jointly own buildings to secure affordable rental housing to continue living and prevent the buildings from becoming the subject of property speculation. In addition, the Hausprojekt provides a venue for civil activities. In the area around LSW33, an organization which was referenced in the case study of Leipzig City, the concentration of such civil projects in the district had a ripple effect of restoring the area’s vitality by opening several shops to suit residents and others involved.

　The virtuous cycle creation within the community is facilitated by a social bank named GLS Bank, which is willing to finance Hausprojekts even when other banks are reluctant. Such finances would make it easier for citizens to acquire buildings that require a huge amount of money when purchasing and renovating them. This leads citizens to become involved in community revitalization through Hausprojekts. Civil projects with autonomous financing, including finances by such social banks in addition to individuals, are considered to have values of urban policies for regional revitalization.