一人っ子政策は中国の村に何を残したのか

─山東省の農村において生育制度が果たした役割に着目して─

抄録

　　　In rural areas of China where the social security system is not well established, people have continued to depend on “raising children as insurance for old age” in which support in old age is provided by the son of the family （feedback model of support）. It was the cultural apparatus of the reproduction system that supported the continuance of rural communities and farming families.
　　　However, by reinterpreting the values of their parents who had internalized this reproduction system to suit their own purposes, young people who were born in compliance with the one-child policy after 1980 （post-80s, post-90s）and are now living in cities have made their parents’ generation invest the wealth accumulated in rural communities for their own benefit. In this process, urban migration of the youth under the one-child policy has been hastened by the reproduction system of China.
　　　This paper clarifies that the reproduction system of China after the establishment of its one-child policy has failed to act as a bulwark against the urban migration of young people and collapse of agricultural communities. This is because the ties between the people in agricultural communities and their land in the villages are not strong and the reproductive system is confined to the framework of a matter among family or clan members rather than as a principle directly concerned with ensuring sustainability of the village.