学校目標と学力アウトプットとの関連の分析 : 「効果的な学校研究」の検討を通じて

抄録

The conclusions drawn heretofore from the 'effective schools research' have been employed to assert that school goals and goal clarity have effects on student achievement. While the results suggest causal relationships, the methods employed support only correlative ones. The research to date in Japan has focused primarily on analysis and interpretation of the theoretical framework of the 'effecive schools research'. But positive research on schools' effects on academic output is compratively incomplete. This paper thus aims to first examine the statistical methods of the antecedent research. Following, an analysis of the causal relationship between school goals and school academic output is presented in accordance with data of 287 high schools in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions of Japan. The data was analyzed employing the covariance structure model analysis (structural equration model). Results of the study were as follows: (1) After socioeconomic background of high school and students' prior academic level (substitute variable) were controled, school goals caused high performance levels: empasis on the high school academic achievement as a school goal had a direct effect on the number of students who successfully passed the entrance exams to top-level universities. (2) The number of students who succeeded in the entrance exams to low-level universities was not affected by the empasis on high academic achievement as a school goals. In conclusion, this paper resolved the ambiguity of precedent research findings based on correlation, and statistically defined a causal effect of school goals on school academic output in Japan.