戦前日本における小学校長職像の成立過程に関する一考察 : 監督者校長から統督者校長へ

抄録

This Paper aims to reexamine the theory about the role of elementary school principal before World War II. Educational researchers has explained that elementary school principals formerly had huge power originated in regulations established by Ministry of Education. Though this view doesn't have jurisprudential basis, because jurists said against; principals had no right to administrate, only had the right to manage teachers. They also drew this answer from the regulations. Why did they lead two different conclusions? I presume we can find the answer in the historical process building up the regulations. Comparing the regulation of Primary School Ordinance in 1891 to that of revised ordinance in 1900, we can find some change. The former used the term kantoku, but the latter did totoku. Overlooking the decade from 1891 to 1900, the total educational system had been rapidly prepared in spite of the severe financial conditions. Mori Arinori, the first minister of education, designed an unique style of adiministration involving educators, in which he considered was efficiency as well as economy. But when he was assassinated in 1889, it came reaction and then the ordinance was regulated. That's why former ordinance had bureaucratic character. Soon bureaucracy resulted the unefficiency and unjustice. Inoue Kowashi, minister of education in the second Ito cabinet, introduced decentralized element into local administration. He partly expanded local power while settled a check system, the committee consisted of educational specialists. He hoped this system would realize both quick administration and eliminating bureaucratic self-complacency. But again, coming up the reaction after his death. In the ordinance revised in 1900, the power of principal as an educational profession was strenthened. But the idea of the committee had completely removed. We can say the ordinance had revised denying the perticipation of educators to the local educational administration. To conclude totoku-sha might be a remainder taken away the element of administrator (kantoku-shd) from the role of elementary school principal.