教員の職務給制度の考察 : 1957年給与法以降の職務等級の機能および能力評価との関係を中心に

抄録

Recently, the foundation of teacher's pay system is changing on a large scale. This trend stands for diversification by decentralization and reinforcement of meritocracy. In Japan, the system of wages based on job for public servants was established after 1957. In former system, their wages had been defined only by experienced years through the serial number of wages across 2 or more job grades. It was abolished by the amendment of the Public Servant Salary Law in 1957. As a result, each job grade that indicated standard job has corresponded to different structure of basic wages; therefore each job grade has been linked to wage stronger. This paper analyzed the function of job grade through the transition of system and pay increment models for teachers on the Public Servant Salary Law from 1957 to 2002. As a result, it becomes clear that: (1) In Japan, the system of teacher's wages based on job has differentiated pay increment among job grades step by step since 1957. But, this made a little contribution to teacher's incentive and controlling the total amount. (2) Recent years, it has been regarded that middle age teachers possess high growth of ability in the tendency of early stage raise certainly, by which margins among job grades have been offset from 1996 to 2002. (3) Conclusion: In Japan, the system of teacher's wages based on job is not the system unrelated to the evaluation whose premise is composed of only experienced years. But, teachers have 2 chances to accumulate promotion-merit at most; it is much less than government official. And especially on the tendency of early stage raise, job grades function gently in the teacher's pay system.