2004 年 11 巻 p. 131-144
The purpose of this paper is to clarify a change in ways of controlling "difference" in terms of the policy aimed at the social integration of immigrants in France. In France, the traditional policy has been one of integration based on the separation of "private" and "public" spheres: in the private sphere, liberty of conscience is respected; in the public sphere, immigrants can participate in the activities of the French Republic without reference to racial or religious attributes. However since the emergence of the "Islamic scarf" issue, this policy has been changed. The new policy is one based not on separating, but on connecting the private and public spheres. It is hoped that in this way common social activity will be more pervasive, experience in democratic organizations will be more secure and individuals will not be separated from their culture. School is a place for democratic experience. However, while the new policy regards racial or religious specificity as important, it does not signify a complete shift to multiculturalism in French policy.