A new conception is proposed for the optimum design of a cylindrical rod used for transmitting and radiating high-frequency ultrasonic power. Based on the analysis of wave propagation in a cylinder, sitable conditions of the diameter and length are deduced in order to increase the efficiency. The results are confirmed through the contact-free measurement of displacement distribution using a laser heterodyne system and the comparison of mechano-acoustic efficiencies. In addition to the study of vibration characteristics, finite-element program is developed to simulate the thermal characteristics in relation to the ultimate handling power of the rod.