Abstract
Before the promulgation of "Ren Yin education system" (1902) and "Gui Mao education system" (1904) in China, mathematics was taught by traditional methodology of "teaching and memorizing scriptures" in private schools in most area. During the implementation of new education system for modernization, "five stages teaching", which originated from J. F. Herbart, was introduced and applied into primary arithmetic education in China through Japan. This paper examines influence of Japan upon mathematics education in modern China, especially about teaching methodology. The following points are clarified through this study. (i) The introduction of teaching methodology from Japan was done through translations from Japanese books which was carried on the first academic journal about education in China, 'Educational World", and some others volumes which was compiled by Chinese students studying in Japan, such as 'Koubun Academy'. (ii) The introduction of arithmetic education in Japan, which was represented by 'Points and Teaching Methodology of Arithmetic' of Rikitaro Fujisawa, brought formal discipline to develop one's thinking in objectives, as well as practical aim, in arithmetic education in China. (iii) The teaching methodology of the Herbart, which was shown in Japanese books such as 'Teaching Methodology for Primary Subjects', was introduced and diffused as a modern teaching methodology instead of traditional teaching of "teaching and memorizing scriptures", which was conducted in private schools before establishment of modern formal education.
