2016 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 221-222
Plumbing stains grow up from invisible attachment of urea and urolith in the molecular level to biofilms in which bacteria adsorb such nutrients and secrete extracellular polymer substances. In order to understand and control such biofilm growth, we have developed a multiscale simulation that can analyze from adhesion of stains on the molecular scale to accumulation of biofilm on actual scale. In the present study, the biofilm growth and peeling by shear flow was successfully simulated for the condition of typical toilet use.