Antibacterial activity of silver-carried sodium zirconium phosphate prepared by ion-exchange reaction

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Ag⁺-Na⁺ exchange equilibrium for carrier (sodium zirconium phosphate) was investigated at 60°C, and the chemical compositions and structure of carrier and silver-carried zirconium phosphate (AgZrP) were investigated by EDX and XRD. The silver valence state and antibacterial activity of AgZrP were also studied. The Ag⁺ exchange was favorable over the whole Ag⁺ concentration range. The molecular formulae of carrier [NaZr₂(PO₄)₃.H₂O] and AgZrP [Ag_0.5Na_0.5Zr₂(PO₄)₃.H₂O] have been determined, and the silver of AgZrP was in an ionic state. Both carrier and AgZrP displayed hexagonal crystal structures, but Ag⁺ exchange resulted in the increase of interplanar spacing and lattice parameter c, and the crystal orientation of AgZrP was affected by the existence of Ag⁺. Moreover, 100 mg.l^-1 of AgZrP possessed high antibacterial activity and was capable of killing all the Escherichia coli and more than 99.9% of the Staphylococcus aureus within 8.0 h of contact. Furthermore, AgZrP showed a broad-spectrum and long-acting antibacterial activity.