Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the general methods to initiate reforms using ball games as teaching materials from the normal ball games as sports, and to confirm the problems that were left behind. According to the 4 separate periods of the research history of the Gakko-Taiiku-Kenkyu-Doshikai, I investigated the problems, the characteristics, and the typical practices in each periods respectively. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) This research has been made to establish the attitude of daily practice in physical education, for all students, for the adaptation of the growth situations in each student, and for enhancing the interest of each student in all sports. 2) This research has developed some methods to initiate reform in sports as teaching materials by cutting some factors that leads to obstructions of mastering a normal ball game or minimizing these factors. 3) This research has envisioned to make new ball games according to obstructions of common sports skills in all kinds of ball games. 4) This research has been made to introduce sports skills instruction for all students and to develop democratic classrooms by introducing activities of group learning. This research, nevertheless, has not yet established the method of how to present to students about the components of ball games and sports strategies, and what are necessary to acquire some basic skills to experience pleasurable activities in ball games.
