A multi-anvil type X-ray system (MAX 80) installed at the Photon Factory is outlined. Remarkable advances in in-situ observation of crystal structure and phase transformation under high pressure and high temperature were obtained with the aid of the MAX 80 apparatus. Typical examples were demonstrated in the following topics : (a) Precise measurement of P-V-T relation of Au ; (b) Direct observation of the conversion reaction from graphite to diamond ; (c) Accurate determination of the olivine-spinel phase boundary in Fe2SiO4 ; and (d) Structure of the jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) melt and liquid Se at high pressure.