抄録
As described in the previous chapters, experiments following the introduction of the London theory revealed a few serious problems which could not be explained by the theory. Examples are transition to the normal state when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the surface of a superconducting film and the dependence of the penetration depth on the addition of impurities. The latter problem was resolved by Pippard through the introduction of the coherence length as described in the previous chapter. A serious problem which remained unresolved was the surface energy at the boundary of the superconducting and normal phases in the intermediate state of Type 1 superconductors. The stability of the intermediate state observed in experiments requires the boundary energy to be positive, which can not be explained by the London theory. In the next few chapters, the phenomological theory by Ginzburg and Landau, which not only resolved these problems but also led to the prediction of Type 2 superconductors, will be described.
