複数を含むひとつ：建築設計における意図の具体性

抄録

 Architectural design involves unique processes known as “study processes” or “esquisses” that are frequently used by architects to make prototypes and develop design proposals. It is an established fact that these repetitive processes are prevalent in creative human endeavors, such as design activities, and the subject of research in the fields of cognitive science or design studies (Finke, Ward, & Smith, 1992). This study examined the relationship between the design processes and the generation of intentions in designing activities via the detailed observation of architectural design processes, as well as conducted interviews with architects. One design case was analyzed using a qualitative approach. First, the original diagrams were drawn up. These diagrams plot “sub-operations” (small-scale creative changes to the form of plans or elevations) and show the relationship between sub-operations and the overall design process. Second, the main features of the designing intentions were established following interviews with several architects. Third, the relationship between the characteristics of the overall design process and the designing intentions was clarified and confirmed. The results are summarized in the following five points: 1) designing intentions evolved as a function of design activities; 2) the multilayered design process involved multiple sub-operations; 3) some of these multiple sub-operations seemed to develop as higher-order operations (i.e., involving multiple other sub-operations); 4) these higher-order operations tended to generate designing intentions; and 5) the sub-operations forming designing intentions displayed not only higher-order characteristics but also a sense of unity or an ease of handling within the design activities, enabling architects to work creatively. These five results show that designing intentions have complex features, and while they may involve single and higherorder design activities, they are founded on multiple design decisions. These considerations allow for designing intentions to be understood from an ecological perspective (Gibson, 1979/1986).