国準拠制廃止に伴う神奈川県の教員給与改革(III 研究報告)

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the change of the salary determination of public school teachers by abolition of the national school-based system by examining the policy formation process involving teacher salary reform in Kanagawa Prefecture. The determination of teacher salary of all prefectures was uniquely attained with abolition of the national school-based system. In connection with this systemic revision, reexamination ("foundation of generalization teachers' grade" and "unification of a payroll table") of the educational job payroll table were tackled as reexamination of a school management organization or part of high school reform in Kanagawa Prefecture. Why was the initiative taken all over the country, and how was the teacher salary reform "unification of a payroll table" performed, in Kanagawa Prefecture? The reasons why the original teacher salary reform in Kanagawa Prefecture was carried out are as follows. First is the factor of the major reform of the original salary determination of the self-governing body as attained by abolition of the national school-based system accompanying incorporation of the national universities. This was an external factor. Moreover, the target to realize reform by the 2006 fiscal year was made into a trend of civil service reform. Furthermore, personnel affairs and the salary system reform of Tokyo as it proceeded are also discussed. These external factors are conditions that are similar in all prefectures. Then, what inner factor was important in the original situation of Kanagawa Prefecture? First, the fiscal factor is raised. In the severe financial situation of fiscal reconstruction from a deficit organization, it can be pointed out that control of personnel expenses, which are fixed costs, has been called for strongly, while the strong request of reexamination of assigning teachers to certain designated administrative responsibilities in the prefectural assembly or teacher salary expense control has had great influence as a political factor as well. Furthermore, it is considered to have become a reform promotion factor in response to Governor Matsuzawa's intention (manifesto) that teacher salary reform be positioned as a political issue. Moreover, reform of high school reorganization or school management organization was approached as a necessity as an educational factor. In the Education Bureau, "creation of new grade" and "unification of a payroll table" have been considered as educational theory, being based also on the request of personnel-expenses control; while in negotiation with the Teachers' Union, agreement was also made to obtain security for the present salary for teachers in high schools. Thus, the possibility that the teacher salary, which had been fixed by the national school-based system until now, would change with the many financial and political situation and educational problems arose. By such a system change, participation of the prefectural assembly in the ordinance and budget draft in connection with teacher salaries increased considerably. In the example of Kanagawa Prefecture, it can be especially said that under the severe financial situation of the control of teacher salaries was an orientation revealed by repeated parliamentary questioning. However, the influence which the control of teacher salaries has on the fall of high school teachers' morale or the fall of the number of talented people in the teacher pool was also predictable. By this institutional change by which the central government came to support fixed level job reservations as much as possible, localization of educational administration arose and selection of how to maintain the level of educational service was approached without the acceptance or refusal of the governor, the local assembly or local residents.