The role of science policy interface in forest and biodiversity conservation is reviewed. Historically, the role of scientific knowledge was limited by the politics or the national-interests-driven international negotiation process such as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development or the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) (Kohsaka, 2008; Koetz, 2008). To overcome such difficulties, intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPBES) was established, similar to the structure of the (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It is identified that IPBES differs from IPCC in that it reflects the nature of scale dependent nature of biodiversity and different knowledge systems including indigenous and local knowledges (ILK). Access and Benefiting Sharing (ABS) from the genetic resources is the key in sustainability.