Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is defined as a state of continuous hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin action and develops various chronic complications if patients have not been received suitable treatment. Increasing numbers of the patients with diabetes mellitus have been a social problem. It is thus significant to make diagnosis as having diabetes in a positive manner at a chance of such as healthy checkup. This manuscript reviewed how to give a diagnosis for this disease according to the opinion of Japan Diabetes Society.
Essential for making diagnosis of diabetes is to make sure that the patients have continuous hyperglycemia. Important laboratory tests for clinical diagnosis of diabetes are plasma glucose and HbA1c. If the results of plasma glucose (①, ② or ③) or HbA1c (④) implement the following 4 criteria, the patient is diagnosed as having “diabetic type”
① Fasting plasma glucose equal or more than 126 mg/dL
② Random plasma glucose equal or more than 200 mg/dL
③ 120 minute plasma glucose during 75g OGTT equal or more than 200 mg/dL
④ HbA1c (NGSP) equal or more than 6.5%
Diagnosis of diabetes has be done if the patient has both “diabetic type” determined at the two different days except for two successive determination of HbA1c, or simultaneously measured plasma glucose and HbA1c are both “diabetic type”.
Diagnosis of diabetes is also done if the patients with one “diabetic type” have typical clinical symptoms for hyperglycemia or reliable diabetic retinopathy.
