Abstract
The concept of Locomotive Syndrome (Locomo) was proposed by the Japan Orthopedic Association in 2007 when Japan statistically became a super-aged society. The term refers to being restricted in one’s ability to walk owing to a dysfunction of locomotive organs. As the condition becomes worse, nursing care will become necessary or the risk of such necessity increases.
The concept of Locomo is that when common diseases occur in elderly people, they are linked and compounded in the body. They deteriorate the functions of locomotive organs causing further diseases and progressing to a decline in mobility (gait disorder). With further deterioration, nursing care becomes necessary.
Locomo is evaluated by using a simple questionnaire for identifying Locomo by oneself (called LOCOCHECK), and a Locomo risk test that quantitatively measures Locomo. The latter consists of two functional examinations, a stand-up test and a two-step test, and LOCOMO 25 which measures physical conditions and living conditions. Locomo risk level 1 is the beginning of Locomo and involves a stand-up test: cannot stand up 40 cm on one leg, the two-step test: less than 1.3, and LOCOMO 25: 7 points or more. Locomo risk level 2 involves a stand-up test: cannot stand up 20 cm in both legs, two-step test: less than 1.1, LOCOMO 25: 16 points or more. In the case of a diagnosis of Locomo risk level 1, we recommend the person to make their own efforts; in the case of Locomo risk level 2, the person should visit an orthopedic surgeon. We also recommend performing one-leg stands with the eyes open to improve the balance ability, and performing squats to strengthen the muscles, and named them LOCOTRA. There are various concepts concerning the various obstacles faced by the elderly, and at present there is no consensus on their relationships. To avoid confusion and competition, greater order and collaboration would be of benefit to people.
