Abstract
The conventional health evaluation and promotion are based on the phenotypic biochemical and physiological analyses of lifestyle-related diseases including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. These phenotypes are the results of both nutritional and genetic factors. The genetic factor is mainly composed of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) . The ethnic difference in the frequency of SNP may be caused by natural selection depending on the types of agricultures in human history. The SNPs including beta-adrenergic receptor, uncoupling proteins, calpain 10, PPAR-gamma, leptin receptor are responsible to obesity and diabetes. Hypertension of Japanese is also caused by SNP for factors retaining salt, such as angiotensinogen, aldosterone synthase and angiotensin converting enzyme. T-type SNP of angiotensinogen was needed for apes living in the tropical fores, but is predisposing hypertension in the modern sosiety. There is strong impact of Westernization. We have studied SNPs in mongoloids because of their rapid increase in diabetes by Westernization. SNPs saving energy were found in PPAR-gamma, UCP 3 promotor, leptin receptor etc. (Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 281: 772, 2001) . We also analyzed SNPs of the patients who was educated 25-31 years before. Despite differeces in SNPs (beta-adrenergic receptor, apoE and mtDNA), the special dietary habits (four-group point method) prevented most of the lifestyle related diseases. In conclusion, health evaluation will include genetic analysis in order to implement tailor-made medicine.
